Cloning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

clone - Research Paper ExampleCloning has now been the limit of modern medical science for a few decades now. The initial success that leading cloning experts and researchers had with the construct of a cloned sheep Dolly initiated the enthusiastic pursuit of this controversial discipline that has far-reaching impacts on the biology of mankind, life and the clubhouse at large as well. The scientific term, Cloning is the replication of an organism such that its genetic theme is the same and as a result it appears as a carbon copy of its original counterpart. Clones bemuse the same physiology, external appearance and the same genetic coding within their cells. In laymans terms it is an exact copy of a particular organism.( Mediline Plus, 2012, p.1) So far the Cloning project and several(prenominal) genome projects gravel achieved success in cloning simpler organisms like micro-organisms, rats and the latest sensational breakthrough and through of Sheep cloning by bringing into th e earth the prime(prenominal) complex organism under the mammal species, a sheep nicknamed Dolly. However Cloning has several risks and the current stage of knowledge and research is inadequate to successfully copy human genome and bring to pass an exact carbon copy. Lower level organisms too displayed extreme susceptibility to diseases, a very execrable internal defence mechanism and intruder detection system and fragility in mean solar day to day course of existence. The Sheep Dolly couldnt be kept alive for long, surviving only for a piffling span of 6 years, dying due to progressive ling disease. Cloning Change in line and Biological Origin The process of cloning involves a total paradigm shift, a total social change in the way organisms reproduce sexu on the wholey giving birth to a child with equate chromosomes being contributed by either partner. Cloning of Dolly was done with the help of three participating organisms. The first participant was the sheep that donated its somatic cell and gene from its mammary gland, the second sheep donated the egg and the third sheep was used to meet the embryo to term. The process of cloning is inspired and based on the natural process of embryo generation wherein an egg after fertilisation divides into two thus bringing into existence two identical twins. The spermatozoon cell punctures through the egg followed by fertilisation and separation of a portion of the egg to pee-pee rise to an identical embryo at a later stage of fertilisation. (The University of Utah., 2012, p1.) Cloning replicates this process virtually mechanically, aping the natural process step by step in cooking up a clone, through artificial embryonic multiplication, gene implantation, line of descent and gestation in a mothers womb until birth. bodily Cell Nuclear Transfer The process of Cloning involves the SCNT, Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Somatic Cells refer to cells in the body other than the two types egg and sperm cell. Egg cells and Sperm cells have one set of chromosomes whereas somatic cells have a complete set of chromosomes inherited form its biological parents. (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2012, p1.). The cloning process involved three stages somatic cell sourcing, nucleus extraction form the somatic cell of the self-aggrandising sheep (intended sheep to be cloned) and finally implantation into a female sheeps womb for successful gestation to term. Dolly the sheep was cloned in the same process. The fundamentals of cloning technology were applied. A somatic cell was taken from an adult cells mammary glands, the nucleus was extracted from the cell of the adult female sheep (source of clone) and the implanted in an embryo of another sheep. Soon the embryo started behaving normally and showing signs of bankers acceptance of the nucleus. This embryo was later implanted into another female sheep for rearing in the womb until term and delivery. (Stanford cyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008, p1.) Risks of Cloning Reproductive cloning is extremely expensive and has high failure rates. Almost 90 % of all cloning attempts fail to produce