essay on chernobyl :: essays research papers

Chernobyl AccidentThe April 1986 disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Ukraine was the harvesting of a flawed Soviet reactor design coupled with serious mistakes made by the plant operators in the context of a system where develop was minimal. It was a direct consequence of Cold War isolation and the resulting lack of any safety culture. The accident destroyed the Chernobyl-4 reactor and killed 30 people, including 28 from light beam exposure. A further 209 on site were treated for acute radiation poisoning and among these, 134 cases were confirmed (all of whom recovered). Nobody off-site suffered from acute radiation effects. However, large areas of Belarus, Ukraine, Russia and beyond were contaminated in varying degrees. The Chernobyl disaster was a unique event and the only accident in the history of commercial nuclear power where radiation-related fatalities occurred.* On 25 April, prior to a routine shut-down, the reactor crew at Chernobyl-4 began preparing fo r a test to determine how long turbines would spin and supply power pursuance a loss of main electrical power supply. Similar tests had already been carried out at Chernobyl and other plants, despite the fact that these reactors were known to be truly unstable at low power settings. A series of operator actions, including the disabling of automatic shutdown mechanisms, preceded the attempted test early on 26 April. As flow of coolant water diminished, power output increased. When the operator moved to shut down the reactor from its unstable condition arising from previous errors, a quality of the design caused a dramatic power surge. The fuel elements ruptured and the resultant explosive force of steam lifted off the cover plate of the reactor, releasing fission products to the atmosphere. A second explosion threw out fragments of burning fuel and graphite from the core and allowed air to rush in, causing the graphite moderator to burst into flames. Some 5000 tonnes of boron, do lomite, sand, system and lead were dropped on to the burning core by helicopter in an effort to extinguish the blaze and limit the release of radioactive particles.